Ask Our Experts

Dementia: Types, Symptoms, and Treatment Options

References

  1. Mehta, R. I. & Schneider, J. A. Neuropathology of the Common Forms of Dementia. Clin Geriatr Med 39, 91–107 (2023).
  2. Knopman, D. S. & Petersen, R. C. Mild Cognitive Impairment and Mild Dementia: A Clinical Perspective. Mayo Clinic Proceedings 89, 1452–1459 (2014).
  3. 2020 Alzheimer’s disease facts and figures. Alzheimer’s & Dementia 16, 391–460 (2020).
  4. Zlokovic, B. V. et al. Vascular contributions to cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID): A report from the 2018 National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke Workshop. Alzheimer’s & Dementia 16, 1714–1733 (2020).
  5. Diagnosis and management of dementia with Lewy bodies | Neurology. https://www.neurology.org/doi/10.1212/01.wnl.0000187889.17253.b1.
  6. Emre, M. et al. Clinical diagnostic criteria for dementia associated with Parkinson’s disease. Movement Disorders 22, 1689–1707 (2007).
  7. Buccellato, F. R., D’Anca, M., Tartaglia, G. M., Del Fabbro, M. & Galimberti, D. Frontotemporal dementia: from genetics to therapeutic approaches. Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs 33, 561–573 (2024).
  8. Arvanitakis, Z., Shah, R. C. & Bennett, D. A. Diagnosis and Management of Dementia: Review. JAMA 322, 1589–1599 (2019).
  9. Jack Jr., C. R. et al. Revised criteria for diagnosis and staging of Alzheimer’s disease: Alzheimer’s Association Workgroup. Alzheimer’s & Dementia 20, 5143–5169 (2024).
  10. Yakoub, Y. et al. Plasma p-tau217 identifies cognitively normal older adults who will develop cognitive impairment in a 10-year window. Alzheimer’s & Dementia 21, e14537 (2025).
  11. Dyck, C. H. van et al. Lecanemab in Early Alzheimer’s Disease. New England Journal of Medicine 388, 9–21 (2023).
  12. Rabinovici, G. D. et al. Donanemab: Appropriate use recommendations. The Journal of Prevention of Alzheimer’s Disease 12, 100150 (2025).
  13. Livingston, G. et al. Dementia prevention, intervention, and care: 2024 report of the Lancet standing Commission. The Lancet 404, 572–628 (2024).
  14. Baker, L. D. et al. Structured vs Self-Guided Multidomain Lifestyle Interventions for Global Cognitive Function: The US POINTER Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA 334, 681–691 (2025).
  15. Ngandu, T. et al. Long-term adherence to lifestyle changes and association with cognitive change: 11-year results from the FINGER randomized, controlled trial. Alzheimer’s & Dementia 21, e106542 (2025).
Mariangela

Mariangela Nikolakopoulou, PhD

Research Director

Mariangela Nikolakopoulou is an Associate Research Director at Private Health Management. Her work focuses on neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s and Multiple Sclerosis, as well as traumatic brain injury and stroke. At PHM, she identifies and evaluates diagnostic and therapeutic options to meet clients’ unmet needs. With more than 20 years of expertise in neurosciences, Mariangela previously worked as the Principal Investigator at Bionaut Labs. While there, she established a neuroscience laboratory and directed research on medical nanodevices and gene therapies. As an Assistant Professor at USC, she studied the molecular mechanisms of vascular dysfunction in neurological conditions. Mariangela holds a PhD in Neurosciences from Open University in the UK and a Bachelor of Science in Biology from the University of Crete.
Lisa Colombo

Lisa Colombo, MSN, RN, AGACNP-BC

Associate Clinical Director | Nurse Practitioner

Lisa Colombo is an Associate Clinical Director at Private Health Management, where she helps clients navigate both urgent and long-term health challenges. With a background in neurology, critical care, and surgery at leading trauma and stroke centers, she has cared for some of the most complex and high-risk patients. This experience has given her a deep understanding of how to manage difficult medical situations with precision and compassion. Recognized for her clinical precision and leadership in critical settings, Lisa brings a strong focus on patient advocacy, education, and personalized care strategies that empower clients to make confident health decisions. She earned her Master of Science in Nursing and is board-certified by the American Nurses Credentialing Center as an Adult-Gerontology Acute Care Nurse Practitioner.